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The search for a new Australia

December 7, 2021 | Michael Turtle | 22 Comments

CULTURE SHOCK

Nueva Australia Paraguay

It had taken me two days, countless bus trips (ok, about 3), a night in a strange unknown city, a bribe to a taxi driver, and many awkward conversations in bad Spanish – but I had finally made it to the tiny place in the middle of Paraguay that isn’t even on a map: ‘Nueva Australia’ or ‘New Australia’.

After the struggle to get here, I could start to understand the arduous journey a group of Australians took more than a century ago to start a new colony deep in the heart of South America.

It was to become the world’s first example of communism… but, as has been the case with many of those societies, it all came crashing down around them.

This is the story of New Australia.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

Sitting in the shade of a tree, sipping the traditional Paraguayan herbal tea, a few of the residents tell me about the colony. I don’t need to understand every word to understand that things are fairly quiet around here these days.

The village of Nueva Australia is tiny – only a few blocks wide. Standing at any point of the dirt roads that make up the traffic system, you can see the edge of town and the vast green fields that stretch on from there.

There are about three stores on the main street – all of them selling the same basic necessities. Two policemen sit on one corner, chatting to each other with a carefreeness that is probably warranted in this quiet community.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

And the thing you notice about it all is how similar it is to other small South American towns. There’s the ubiquitous Latino skin and hair, the trill of the Spanish language, and the faint aromas of the local food.

Where is the Australian influence? Where are the blue eyes, the blonde hair, the akubras, and the Aussie bastardisation of vowels?

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

Well, the local residents tell me that there aren’t really many descendants of the original Australians left anymore in Nueva Australia. Many of them still live in Paraguay, but they’ve moved to the big cities.

The promised utopia was enough of a dream to convince 500 people to leave their homes and travel to the other side of the world but it wasn’t enough to keep them there. What went wrong?

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

The Australian communists in Paraguay

It was 1893 when the first Australians arrived on a ship from Sydney. They had all become disillusioned with life back home, which was suffering from a depression and a sheep-shearers strike.

It was through an initiative of a man named William Lane that they had decided to establish an egalitarian society somewhere that would, in Lane’s words, “serve as an example to the workers of the world and be a disciplined army to lead the workers to socialism”.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

At the same time Paraguay was trying to rejuvenate its economy by offering immigrants free land, tax exemptions and farming assistance.

They made a deal with Lane’s organisation, The New Australia Co-operative Association, that he would receive about 230,000 hectares of land in exchange for bringing 1,200 migrants to Paraguay.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

Nueva Australia started off well and within the first few years the new colony had several prominent residents, including poet Mary Gilmore (who is on the Australian 10 dollar note). But by 1902, less than ten years after its founding, things had soured.

It seems some of the socialist ideas of the founders (and in particular, William Lane) weren’t compatible with the lifestyles of Australians. He required abstinence from alcohol, no sexual liaisons with the locals in order to preserve the ‘colour-line’, and marriage for life.

The whole thing fell apart. Some of the original inhabitants who still believed in their ideals set up another even smaller community about 70 kilometres away. The rest moved back to Australia, to other countries overseas, or kept their pocket of land and started new lives in Paraguay.

The utopian dream had failed.

The world’s first practical experiment in communism had collapsed.

And what could have been a famous legacy and part of Australian history disappeared to the point where it’s not even on the map anymore.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

The district that was Nueva Australia has since been renamed Nueva Londres, which is where I chat to the locals as I walk around town. There is still an Australian flag on the welcome sign, which is the best evidence of what once was.

Little things like the occasional Anglo face or name of Smith gives you a few clues of the region’s history. Other than that, it’s just like the rest of Paraguay here now.

Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay
Nueva Australia (New Australia) in Paraguay

Everyone is friendly when they discover I’m Australian, but there’s no great excitement about a visit from a long-lost relative.

One young guy refers to me, I think affectionately, as a “gringo”. He’s right, though. I’m as foreign here as anyone else from overseas.

There is no new Australia. Just the good old one.

Reader Interactions

    Comments Cancel reply

  1. Franco |

    January 25, 2012 at 9:53 am

    Reply

    Great post. I’m curious, what settings do you use on your camera to catch such great shots? I’m a novice photographer and can’t figure it out.

    • Turtle |

      January 25, 2012 at 1:09 pm

      Reply

      Ah yes, I use the very fancy setting on my camera called ‘automatic’ 🙂 The only thing I understand about photography is that you need good light, so that helps bring out the colour in these shots!

  2. Andrea |

    January 25, 2012 at 3:27 pm

    Reply

    This is very interesting! Adds a whole new dimension to the origins of the English in Australia story, ie. the convict one.

    • Turtle |

      February 2, 2012 at 2:27 am

      Reply

      Yeah, I guess the idea of starting new worlds far across the oceans never gets old! 🙂

  3. Katrina |

    January 26, 2012 at 7:49 am

    Reply

    What an amazing thing! (And forgive me if I find the idea of alcohol-free, abstinent Aussies hilarious. 😉 I never would have imagined such a thing existed. Thanks for broadening my horizons!

    • Turtle |

      February 2, 2012 at 2:30 am

      Reply

      I still don’t believe such a thing exists as alcohol-free abstinent Aussies!! 🙂

  4. Stephanie - The Travel Chica |

    January 27, 2012 at 1:19 am

    Reply

    Interesting place you’ve discovered here.

    • Turtle |

      February 2, 2012 at 2:31 am

      Reply

      It was interesting. A bit quiet these days, but with a fascinating history…

  5. Fabio |

    February 7, 2012 at 1:13 am

    Reply

    Great post. Turtle, how did you come across this little place?

    • Turtle |

      February 9, 2012 at 12:01 am

      Reply

      I heard about it when I was doing some research before heading into Paraguay. But it’s not a story that’s really known in Australia. It’s a pity, too, because it’s a great yarn!

  6. ukash |

    July 6, 2013 at 10:18 pm

    Reply

    It’s appropriate time to make a few plans for the longer term and it is time to be happy. I have learn this post and if I may just I want to recommend you some attention-grabbing issues or advice. Maybe you can write subsequent articles regarding this article. I wish to learn more issues about it!

  7. Todd |

    May 24, 2016 at 7:33 am

    Reply

    A fascinating post! Thank you for your careful descriptions of your personal experiences.

  8. Megan King |

    July 29, 2016 at 12:30 pm

    Reply

    Hey, unfortunately I haven’t gotten myself into gear and learnt any other language other then my native tongue – English. Will I get by at all with a little Spanish book (it does write the word out phonetically) travelling on my own?

    • Michael Turtle |

      August 6, 2016 at 10:31 pm

      Reply

      I found that English was ok in the large cities in South America but there wasn’t much spoken in Paraguay. People are very kind, though, so they will go out of their way to help you, even if you can’t speak Spanish. Your book will be useful (and I often even acted out things). But you may not have a lot of opportunities for in-depth conversations.

  9. CELSOKAMURAMAQUIAGEM.COM.BR |

    December 18, 2017 at 2:03 am

    Reply

    Maquiagem para rotina: blogueira Bia… http://CELSOKAMURAMAQUIAGEM.COM.BR

  10. Linda Gladwin |

    July 15, 2018 at 4:57 am

    Reply

    Loved your story, I have been reading like crazy about the Smith line that went there. Ricardo Lille Smith is my 2nd cousin 2x removed he and his brother Henry Bowling Baxter Smith were some of those early Smiths in the area. Amazing though my Smith line came to Australia so I never knew of this line until today. Amazingly I wonder what took them there, just as the English Smith line can’t understand what brought my ancestor here in 1852.

    • Michael Turtle |

      October 14, 2018 at 12:23 pm

      Reply

      Thanks for the comment, Linda – it’s so great to hear from you. I love that there’s a personal family connection for you to this story. I bet you are uncovering all sorts of interesting history. But I know what you mean – understanding the motivation of ancestors is sometimes the hardest thing to know!

    • Norma Smith |

      May 18, 2021 at 11:19 am

      Reply

      Great post! It`s exactly as you described it. I`m a descendant of Ricardo Lille Smith and Juan Kennedy both part of the fews who stayed in Nueva Londres

  11. Ernst Schloss |

    June 15, 2019 at 12:45 am

    Reply

    Interesting story.

    However, I fell the need to clarify: New Australia was never a “communist” utopia, as William Lane as an Utopian Socialist, not a marxist.

    Thus, It was a Socialist experiment.

    Cheers from Argentina

  12. Beameranged |

    September 1, 2021 at 11:07 am

    Reply

    My great-grandmother was born in that second splinter colony. Her eldest sister probably the first one. And youngest sister in Chile. They all moved back to Australia after that, though. None of which is well known within the family.

  13. John Foley |

    February 10, 2022 at 12:24 am

    Reply

    Michael, I don’t think you got to Nueva Australia.
    Open Google Earth and turn on BORDERS AND LABELS.
    Enter NUEVA AUSTRALIA into SEARCH, and you will see the two towns come up.
    In 2006, I went to the Nueva Australia High School and raised a big Australian flag, higher than the Paraguayan flag.

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This is the website of travel writer, Michael Turtle. After working in broadcast journalism for a decade in Australia, Michael left Sydney to travel the world indefinitely and write about the places, people and experiences he discovers. This isn't a diary - these are real stories from the world.

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